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Danggui Buxuetang， derived from Clarifying Doubts about Damage from Internal and External Causes （Volume 2）： Treatise on Heat Injury to Stomach Qi（《内外伤辨惑论卷中·暑伤胃气论》） by LI Dongyuan in the Jin and Yuan dynasties， is a classic and famous formula for tonifying qi and generating blood that has been inherited and promoted by successive generations of medical practitioners and has been included in the "Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions （First Batch）" published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018. The paper analyzed the historical origin， composition， dosage， processing， preparation， decocting， and taking methods， efficacy， and application of the classic formula Danggui Buxuetang by consulting ancient and modern literature and combining the key information examination principles of ancient classic prescriptions. A total of 604 pieces of information on relevant ancient literature were collected， including 186 ancient Chinese medical books， of which 40 （five in the Jin and Yuan dynasties， 19 in the Ming Dynasty， and 16 in the Qing Dynasty） had detailed records of composition， processing， and dosage. Danggui Buxuetang is mainly comprised of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. According to the ancient and modern dose conversion， there are 37.3-38.1 g of Astragali Radix and 7.5-7.6 g of Angelicae Sinensis Radix in the formula. Astragali Radix is preferably fried with honey and Angelicae Sinensis Radix with wine. Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix are decocted with 600 mL of water to 300 mL， and taken warm before meals. The main effect of this formula are described in ancient books as blood deficiency and fever， with symptoms of muscle fever， dryness and heat， irritability and thirst， red eyes and face， sleeplessness in daytime and night， and surging and feeble pulse which is weak under hard pressing， and it is a famous formula for replenishing qi and generating blood. Modern research shows that Danggui Buxuetang is commonly used in the treatment of various kinds of anemia， diabetic nephropathy， tumors， and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The above research results can provide a reference for the subsequent development and research on the classic formula Danggui Buxuetang.
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The standardization of classification methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) ancient books can provide a clear and reliable reference for all kinds of TCM ancient books collection units, which can also promote the sharing and utilization of TCM ancient books. We studied and investigated the classification methods of TCM ancient books in past dynasties. The standard on classification of TCM ancient books was formulated by compared with the classification table of Zhongguo Zhongyi Guji Zongmu, and referred to the classification table of Zhonghua Guji Zongmu. This standard specified three-level categories and classification principles of TCM ancient books, and mainly composed of basic categories, three-level category table, classification principles and examples, and instructions for use.
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The classic formula Wuyaotang is the 49th of the 100 formulas in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions (First Batch) issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and is from the Secrets from the Orchid Chamber (《兰室秘藏》) by LI Dongyuan of the Jin Dynasty. It is composed of Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix, Linderae Radix, and Cyperi Rhizoma, and has the effect of moving Qi, regulating meridians, and relieving pain. It is mainly indicated for Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. Based on the ancient books on Wuyaotang, this study systematically reviewed the formula source, composition, dosage, preparation, usage, functions, indications, preparation principle, drug processing, modification, etc. of Wuyaotang with the bibliometrics method, explored its historical evolution, and determined the key information. Statistical analysis of its modern literature shows that there are few studies of the original formula of Wuyaotang, and the clinical studies mainly focus on modified Wuyaotang. It has a wide range of treatment scope and can be used for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, delayed menstrual cycle, hypomenorrhea, and menstrual fever, as well as ulcerative colitis, spleen distortion, sciatica, child intestinal spasm, and other internal, surgical, gynecological, and pediatric diseases. The pathogenesis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is Qi stagnation. Through the analysis and research on ancient books and modern literature recording Wuyaotang, this study is expected to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application, in-depth research, and development of the classic formula Wuyaotang.
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The classic formula Zhulingtang, derived from the medical work Treatise on Cold Damage (《伤寒论》) compiled by ZHANG Zhongjing, a medical sage in the Eastern Han Dynasty, has been included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Formulas (First Batch) published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018. Using the method of textual research, this study systematically reviewed ancient and modern literature to conduct a historical and textual analysis of Zhulingtang, including its origin, composition, dosage, processing, decoction methods, efficacy, and applications. A total of 733 pieces of relevant information related to Zhulingtang were collected, involving 206 ancient Chinese medical texts, with 52 of them providing detailed records of the composition, dosage, processing, and efficacy of Zhulingtang. The results of the analysis showed that Zhulingtang was composed of Polyporus, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma, Asini Corii Colla, and Talcum. Polyporus and Poria should be used without their peels, Asini Corii Colla should be stir-fried with clam powder, and Talcum should be ground into powder or soaked in water. Based on the conversion of ancient and modern dosages, Polyporus, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma, and Talcum, 15.63 g for each one, were decocted with 800 mL of water to 400 mL. Then the drug residue was removed, and 15.63 g of Asini Corii Colla was added to the drug juice for melting by heating. The decoction should be taken warm, 140 mL each time, three times a day. Zhulingtang has the effects of promoting diuresis, nourishing yin, and clearing heat, and it is mainly used to treat water-heat combination syndrome, characterized by symptoms such as difficult urination, fever, and thirst. Modern research indicates that Zhulingtang is commonly used to treat diseases such as cirrhotic ascites, chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, diarrhea, and urinary tract infections. This study provides key information about the famous formula Zhulingtang, which can serve as a reference for further development and research on its application.
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Objective:Using the information technology of knowledge element theory to analyze the content of the ancient Chinese medicine book Nv Ke Xin Fa, and to explore the original thinking and implicit knowledge of the author of the book Nv Ke Xin Fa. Methods:Based on the theory and technology of knowledge element, the indexing data was read as logical data by using MS SQL Server database and then the knowledge graph of traditional Chinese medicine was constructed by using neo4j database.Results:There are 345 knowledge bodies and 1 478 knowledge elements in the Nv Ke Xin Fa, mainly including prescription name (280), composition (275) and usage (224); There are 711 semantic types, mainly including prescriptions (232), etiology and pathogenesis (221), syndrome manifestations (125) and treatment (88); 187 semantic associations, mainly syndrome differentiation and treatment (172); Knowledge of semantic association.There are 34 body types, with leucorrhea (16), amenorrhea (13), blood Avalanche (13) and asthenia (13). Conclusions:Zheng Qinyu paid attention to distinguishing the texture of leucorrhea in the treatment of leucorrhea, put forward the pathogenesis and treatment principles and methods of leucorrhea in the stages of "before childbirth" and "after childbirth", and made it clear that the application scope of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction involves menstruation, leucorrhea, pregnancy and the whole cycle of childbirth.Mrs Zheng Qinyu pays great attention to the protection on the spleen and stomach of the middle coke and regulation of Qi that could rise and fall, which could provide a reference for modern clinical diagnosis and treatment of leukorrhagia diseases.
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Objective:To explore the medication and prescription rules in ancient Chinese medicine books in the treatment of premature ejaculation based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Inheritance Supporting Platform.Methods:Search for the relevant literature concerning treating premature ejaculation with TCM in the ancient books before 1949, conduct data mining with Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Supporting Platform, analyze the medication and the prescription rules, so as to summarize the academic thoughts of the ancient physicians in treating premature ejaculation.Results:Among 39 selected eligible ancient books, a total of 45 prescriptions were included, involving 118 kinds of Chinese medicines. Among them, 14 Chinese medicines were used more than 10 times. The top five Chinese medicines were Ginseng radix et rhizoma, Schisandrae chinensis fructus, Dioscoreae rhizoma, Polygalae radix, Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma; in the classification of Chinese medicines tonic Chinese medicine, tranquilizers, and astringent are used frequently. The most frequently used Chinese medicine pairs were Corni fructus- Ginseng radix et rhizoma, Ginseng radix et rhizoma- Dioscoreae rhizoma, Ginseng radix et rhizoma- Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma; 33 core combinations of 3 Chinese mediciness and 4 core combinations of 4 Chinese medicines were obtained. Conclusion:The medication that could treat premature ejaculation in the ancient TCM books are mainlythe kidney, liver, and heart meridian. The main principle is to invigorate the kidney, replenish the essence, and replenishing qi and soothing the nerves. It can provide reference for clinical treatment of premature ejaculation.
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The paper reviews systematically the main ancient medical books with the origin literature included on acupuncture prescription. It is found that the origin literature with acupuncture prescription in successive dynasties mainly focuses on Qin-Han and Jin-Yuan Dynasties. In Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties, as well as Ming and Qing Dynasties, the literature mainly records the experience of medical masters in the previous dynasties. By taking "headache" and "retention of urine" as examples, the origins on the literature of clinical acupuncture prescription are explored, the distribution rules and characteristics are summarized. Moreover, the evidences and evaluation method of quality grading were explored on the ancient books with the origin literature of acupuncture prescription involved.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture , Acupuncture Therapy , Books , China , History, Ancient , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , PrescriptionsABSTRACT
Literature research on ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is an important carrier for inheriting the academic achievements and thoughts of TCM， and a key step for continuing the Chinese civilization and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Based on this， the paper puts forward the purpose of sorting out TCM ancient books：to explore the treasure of traditional culture， reveal its significance， carry forward its spirit， learn from its experiences， so as to make a contribution to the development of TCM. And this paper expounds several major problems in the literature research， that is， paying attention to the phenomenon of "stubborn bass"， avoiding the trend of "latecomers turning inferior"， attaching importance to the hidden trouble of "making comments on behalf of the ancients". Then， this paper discusses the methodology of carrying out accurate research and revealing the true nature and true value of scholarship with the idea of confucian orthodoxy， the rules of not forgetting the original intention and the scientific method. Taking the materia medica archaeology as an example， the author shared the practical exploration of how to crack the historical code with scientific and technological means， so as to provide useful reference for the literature research on TCM ancient books.
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Background@#Karma, a Sanskrit word that roughly translates to “action,” is a core concept in some Oriental religions, including Hinduism and Buddhism. Though its specifics are different depending on the religion, karma generally denotes the cycle of cause and effect - each action a person takes will affect him or her at some time in the future. This rule also applies to a person’s thoughts and speech, and the actions other people take under that individual’s instructions. Therefore, it is important to study the relationship between body, speech, mind and karma.@*Research results@#The Karma denotes our good and bad intentions. These intentions manifest themselves as good or bad actions with our body, our speech and our mind. In turn, our actions bring about effects called “Karma”, namely: the effect, the consequence, the fruit of the actions, the maturation of the actions. Usually, however, the word Karma is used by ordinary people for both the actions and the effects, which is not accurate. The law of karma is a special instance of the law of cause and effect, according to which all our actions of body, speech and mind are causes and all our experiences are their effects. The law of karma explains why each individual has a unique mental disposition, a unique physical appearance and unique experiences. These are the various effects of the countless actions that each individual has performed in the past. Each person has a different individual karma. Some people enjoy good health while others are constantly ill. Some people are seen as very beautiful while others are seen as very ugly. Some people have a happy disposition that is easily pleased while others have a sour disposition and are rarely delighted by anything. Some people easily understand the meaning of spiritual teachings while others find them difficult and obscure.@*Conclusion@#We made conclusion choosing information and sources related to body, speech and mind study as well as Karma in antient works, sorting it into time sequence and enriching it with information in other works. Essentially, Karma denotes our good and bad intentions. These intentions manifest themselves as good or bad actions with our body, our speech and our mind.
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To sort out the existing problems within the published 35 evidence-based acupuncture-moxibustion clinical practice guidelines (group standards) in Chinese: the development methods and the development process are not clear and strict enough; the evidence evaluation system fails to fully reflect the characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion. Therefore,
Subject(s)
Acupuncture , Acupuncture Therapy , China , Evidence-Based Practice , MoxibustionABSTRACT
Classical famous prescription Dihuang Yinzi is widely used in modern clinical practice，and can treat many kinds of diseases，especially the diseases of nervous system in internal medicine. Its clinical effect is accurate，but it has not been converted into Chinese patent medicine preparations. Therefore，the authors have collected ancient traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） literatures of Dihuang Yinzi by the methods of bibliometrics，and selected and sorted out 254 pieces of effective data， involving 144 ancient books of TCM，and systematically summarized and analyzed the historical development origin，main treatment syndrome，formula making principle，dosage，preparation method，decoction method and medicine taking method of Dihuang Yinzi，in order to provide the ancient literary evidence support for the development and clinical application of classic famous prescriptions. It is found that Dihuang Yinzi was from Xuanming Lunfang written by LIU He-jian，a doctor of Jin dynasty. It was composed of 12 kinds of herbs，namely Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata，Morindae Officinalis Radix，Corni Fructus，Cistanches Herba，Dendrobii Caulis，Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia，Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus，Cinnamomi Ramulus，Poria，maimendong，Acori Calami Rhizoma and Polygalae Radix, and mainly used for the treatment of Yinfei. The later records of Dihuang Yinzi mostly followed the prescription composition and main treatment set forth in Xuanming Lunfang，and its clinical application was expanded. In the 199 articles with the indications for disease treatment，Yinfei was the most commonest indication, and took up about half of the total，which was followed by stroke，taking up about two fifths of the total. It was also used for the treatment of sudden aphonia，flaccidity syndrome，vertigo，enuresis. Dihuang Yinzi has a wide range of treatment，but the pathogenes is always belongs to "the deficiency of water and fire in the kidney". The recipe of Dihuang Yinzi was unique，and can be used to treat both the upper and lower parts of the body，as well as both the outward symptoms and root causes of an illness at the same time， in particular，it mainly focuses on the treatment of the lower and the root. Among the 56 literatures with drug dosage records，about one third of them inherited the records of Xuanming Lunfang: "Equal division，the top is the end，3 qian for each dose." The dosage was generally light. The preparations are mostly decoction and boiled powder. In the decocting and taking methods，it was suggested that "turbid medicine shall be boiled for a short time，and taken after several boilings，with no limit to time."
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Banxia Xiexin Tang is one of the classic prescriptions for treating digestive system diseases.In this paper，using the method of bibliometrics，information of Banxia Xiexintang in ancient Chinese medical literatures were collected and screened out 399 effective data from 238 kinds of ancient books．Based on the statistics and analysis of the history，drug composition，main disease and syndrome，principle of prescription，dosage，processing，preparation，decocting and taking methods of Banxia Xiexin Tang，it is found that Banxia Xiexin Tang originated from Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease written by ZHANG Zhong-jing，a famous physician in the Eastern Han dynasty，it is composed of seven herbs，namely，Pinelliae Rhizoma，Scutellariae Radix，Zingiberis Rhizoma，Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma，Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle，Coptidis Rhizoma，and Jujubae Fructus. It was mainly used to treat pizheng of mixed cold and heat. Most of the Banxia Xiexin Tang recorded in later generations follow the prescription composition and indications in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease and its clinical application has been extended and expanded，among the 352 literatures with the main diseases and syndromes recorded，the most common （341） were pizheng，accounting for about 96.88%，in addition，it is also used sporadically for shuzheng，malaria，nausea，damp-wen，jaundice，etc. Among the 122 documents with drug dosage records，nearly half of them are identical with the original records in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease. Among the 112 literatures with pharmaceutical processing，licorice （86） was the most，most of them were roasted （80），followed by pinellia ternata （79），and most of them were "decoction washing and sliding" （67）. Among the 111 documents recorded in the decoction method，most of them inherited Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease by "removing the dross and again cooking" （68），there are also "Water Decoction" （32） and "Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Jujubae Fructus Decoction" （11）. Among the 108 documents with the method of taking medicine，nearly half of them inherited Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease，which is "a liter of warm taking ，three times daily". Based on the ancient Chinese medical literatures，Banxia Xiexintang was systematically analyzed in order to provide more accurate ancient literature reference for the clinical application and development of classic prescriptions.
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Textual research is the first step, ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the clinical application, and also one of the main bases for determining the research scheme and experimental parameters in the development of famous classical formulas. It involves the origin and historical evolution of the prescription, the main function, the meaning of the prescription, the decoction method, as well as the original part, origin, dosage, processing method of the medicinal materials in the prescription. In view of these points, the author believes that the ancient and modern literature information should be comprehensively and accurately collected according to the standardized procedures and methods, combined with the historical continuation and cross-sectional analysis, in order to ensure the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) famous classical formulas. The research and development plan of famous classical formulas was formulated from the perspectives of TCM theoretical characteristics, formula historical evolution, modern clinical value and practical feasibility. Under the premise of "compliance with the ancients", we should understand the common problems in the process of research and development, such as the origin, processing, dosage and decoction of TCM from the perspective of history and development, so as to widely gather the industry consensus and jointly explore the precious treasure of the famous classical formulas.
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Schistosomiasis is a modern disease name, but it has been widespread in ancient China and exists in a specific form in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) . The purpose of the paper is to make clear the existing form of schistosomiasis in TCM and infer the prevalence of schistosomiasis in ancient China. The paper focuses on the period when great progress was made on schistosomiasis by TCM, and sums up the understanding of TCM toward schistosomiasis in this period. By studying and analyzing the literature of schistosomiasis in this period, the paper tries to find out the representative Chinese medicine symptom description and TCM "other name" of schistosomiasis, so as to accurately judge whether the relevant description in ancient TCM books and historical documents can provide scientific basis for schistosomiasis. It is important to understand the prevalence and cognition of schistosomiasis in ancient China.
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Objective To observe the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine health maintenance books in the past. Method Based on the General Catalogue of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ancient Books, the author did a bibliometrics analysis from the year of the ancient literature of the TCM health preservation, the year and type of the version, the distribution of the second class of the health maintenance, the unique books of ancient books in health maintenance, the collection in the series and Collected Taoist Scriptures and other issues. Results Of the 551 kinds of works of health maintenance embodied in the General Catalogue of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ancient Books, 404 kinds were completed before 1911, including 3 in the Han Dynasty, 1 in the Three Kingdoms Period, 2 in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, 1 in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and 23 in the Tang Dynasty, 16 in the Song Dynasty, 20 in the Yuan Dynasty, 155 in the Ming Dynasty,and 183 kinds in the Qing Dynasty. The distribution of edition year was 1 in the Yuan Dynasty, 155 in the Ming Dynasty, 182 in the Qing Dynasty, 155 in the Republic of China, and 47 unknown. The versions were mainly wood-block edition, lithograph, stereotype edition, manuscript, and copied manuscript. There were different types of second class, including 309 kinds of general theory of health-maintenance, 157 kinds of Daoyin and Qigong, and 85 kinds of alchemy. There were 224 kinds of unique books, accounting for 40.65％ of the total amount of 551 kinds of books of traditional Chinese medicine, among which 95 kinds were included in the series, and 109 kinds were included in Collected Taoist Scriptures, Quotes of Taoist Canon, Taoist Essence, and Taoist Collection. Conclusions The Health monographs reflect the development of TCM health maintenance level, the ideological culture, and social changes in different historical periods, which is of great value in the history of TCM health maintenance.
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Schistosomiasis is a modern disease name, but it has been widespread in ancient China and exists in a specific form in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) . The purpose of the paper is to make clear the existing form of schistosomiasis in TCM and infer the prevalence of schistosomiasis in ancient China. The paper focuses on the period when great progress was made on schistosomiasis by TCM, and sums up the understanding of TCM toward schistosomiasis in this period. By studying and analyzing the literature of schistosomiasis in this period, the paper tries to find out the representative Chinese medicine symptom description and TCM "other name" of schistosomiasis, so as to accurately judge whether the relevant description in ancient TCM books and historical documents can provide scientific basis for schistosomiasis. It is important to understand the prevalence and cognition of schistosomiasis in ancient China.
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This article analyzed the characteristics of data of acupuncture and moxibustion in ancient books, and put forward to a mode of diagnosis and treatments according to acupuncture and moxibustion. A variety of data mining techniques were used to extract, integrate and display the theory, methods, meridians, acupoints and techniques in ancient books to establish a database platform of ancient books based on B/S architecture, which can be used by users. Also, this article described the framework, the function of the module, and the method of realizing each function of the experience platform of acupuncture ancient books, and demonstrated an interface of the results searched by key wordsstroke, and summarized the experience of building this platform and the advantages of the platform in the research and development of data of acupuncture ancient books.
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The number of ancient books on traditional Chinese medicine is tremendous, it is thus of great impor-tance to make full use of them for the inheritance and development of the cause of traditional Chinese medicine. Ancient books on traditional Chinese medicine can be retrieved either by using of dictionaries, bibliographies, books arranged according to subjects, monographs, and other nonmedical materials or by using of databases of ancient books on traditional Chinese medicine. Different retrieval methods of ancient books on traditional Chinese medicine and their application were thus described in this paper.
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The effects of prescriptions of fragrant traditional Chinese medicine covered in ancient books on traditional Chinese medicine published in the past dynasties on disease control and treatment were retrieved from the Full-text Database of Ancient Books on Traditional Chinese Medicine developed by Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. A fragrant medicinal subject system with unique characteristics was established by analyzing the characteristics of prescribed fragrant traditional Chi-nese medicine and the prescribing rules of fragrant traditional Chinese medicine according to theirprinciples-methods-formulae-medicinal, clarifying the related factors influencing diseases and the related mechanisms of prescriptions, which can not only promote the theoretical and practical development of external treatment with prescriptions of fragrant traditional Chinese medicine but also provide the reliable philological basis for external diseases and pharmacology of traditional Chinese medical formulae.
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The serial knowledge of cognate thoughts, culture, systems, language, engraving and edition of classic ancient books was organized based on their subject-guided reading activities, which plays a rather effective role in promoting the readers to read them. The selection of subject-guided reading activity contents, forms of subject-guided reading activity design, implementation of subject-guided reading activity were analyzed with the ancient e-dition of《Handbook of prescriptions for emergency》as an example. A knowledge chain-based subject-guided reading model of classic ancient books was proposed for promoting the reading of ancient books on traditional Chinese medi-cine and the reading of Chinese national culture in related academic libraries.